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Authors Geneviève Prévost Contents With contributions from Dominique Martin Coordination: Dominique Meslin, Essilor Academy Europe With contributions from Anne Catherine Scherlen And contributions from: Mo Jalie and Geoffroy Meynet Introduction p.5 for the English version 1 Visual Impairment 1) Glare p.8 Contents 2) The Phenomenon of Completion 3) The Psychological Factor 2 A Few Notes on Visual Impairment and its Causes A About the Eye and Vision p.10 B Explorative Techniques of Ocular Diseases p.12 1) Retinal Photography 2) Retinal Fluoro-Angiography 3) Optical Coherence Tomography 4) Visual Fields C Loss of Central Vision p.16 1) Impairment and Functional Consequences 2) The Principal Conditions Resulting in Impairment of Central Vision Practical Low Vision a) Age-related Macular Degeneration b) Stargardt’s Disease c) Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy d) High Myopia and Myopic Degeneration e) Optic Neuropathies and Damage to the Visual Pathway D Loss of Peripheral Vision p.20 1) Impairment and Functional Consequences 2) Common Conditions Resulting in Peripheral Vision Loss a) Retinitis Pigmentosa b) Glaucoma c) Lesions of the Visual Pathway E General Loss of Vision p.22 1) Diabetic Retinopathy 2) Cataracts 3) Congenital and Acquired Nystagmus 3 Low Vision Aids A Lighting p.23 B Filter Lenses p.24 1) Chromatic Filters 2) Polarising Filters 3) General Principles for Choosing Filter Lenses C Magnifers p.27 D Spectacle Magnifers or Microscopic Systems p.30 3 Copyright © 2013 ESSILOR ACADEMY EUROPE, 13 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France - All rights reserved – Do not copy or distribute. Copyright © 2013 ESSILOR ACADEMY EUROPE, 13 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France - All rights reserved – Do not copy or distribute.